Phytobiotics: Response to Aquaculture as Substitute of Antibiotics and other Chemical Additives

Abstract

The use of phytobiotics in aquafarming is nowadays an interesting topic because of its eco-friendly nature for the growth and antimicrobial performance of aqua livestock. Currently, the use of various antibiotics in aquaculture are restricted due to concerns about the potential development of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Overuse of antibiotics and other chemicals (like different disinfectants, chemicals, and preservatives) increases the potentiality of residual antibiotics and other chemicals being present in fish, fish flesh as well as in fishery products. Various phytobiotics from plant extracts or direct plant or animal resources have changed the present traditional scenario of using an antibiotic component against livestock performance in aquaculture. The bioactive compounds (like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, essential oils, or steroids) present in the phytobiotics act as an immunity booster, growth promoter, bio-appetizer, reproductive stimulator, bio-preservatives, etc. So, phytobiotics becoming an effective additive in aquaculture as a substitute for antibiotics and other chemical components. This present article is designed to provide a comprehensive and insightful overview of the current state of knowledge about phytobiotics that supports the need for sustainable and environmental friendly practices in the context of aquaculture.