Phytochemical and Therapeutic Potential of Pongamia pinnata Linn. - A Comparative Analysis of Fresh and Dry Leaf Extracts

Abstract

P. pinnata (Linn.,) Pierre, also known as Karanja or Indian Beech, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties across Southeast Asia. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical and therapeutic potential of fresh and dry leaf extracts of Pongamia pinnata. Leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and analyzed for their organoleptic, physico-chemical, and phytochemical properties. Organoleptic analysis revealed green leaves with astringent odor and smooth texture. Physico-chemical analysis showed alcohol and water extractive values of 9% and 14%, respectively, with a moisture content of 1.6%. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, gums, mucilage, terpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids in both fresh and dry ethanolic extracts, while proteins were absent. Quantitative analysis showed that fresh extracts had higher chlorophyll (0.1941 mg/g), flavonoid (21.5 mg/g), and phenol (22.1 mg/g) content compared to dry extracts. These findings suggest that fresh leaves retain more bioactive compounds, enhancing their therapeutic potential. Further pharmacological studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore the plant's potential in modern medicine.